For CentOS 7 installations you need EPEL as that is where the qpid packages and some others come from. When we built for CentOS 8 and Stream, we learned some lessons from EL7 and decided to avoid EPEL as it can break installations out of band (as you are seeing here).
Katello 4.1 is still in RC phase. This version of Katello does not turn on the katello-agent (thus qpid) infrastructure by default so in theory it will not hit this issue on EL7 out of the box.
For new 4.0 installations on EL7, you can (while we work on the release process) grab the updated tfm-rubygem-qpid_proton and install it from this link: http://koji.katello.org/kojifiles/packages/tfm-rubygem-qpid_proton/0.34.0/2.el7/x86_64/tfm-rubygem-qpid_proton-0.34.0-2.el7.x86_64.rpm