Hi and welcome to the forum 
A very similar error has recently been reported here.
There it is mentioned that the proxmox plugin currently only supportes Proxmox 7 due to API changes in Proxmox 8. though from the Github issue I would expect that at least basic provisioning works, so there is probably a different issue around.
As mentioned in the other Proxmox thread, this error is thrown when the Proxmox plugin tries to SSH into the newly created instance and execute ls as a test command and something failes (in this case, “Inappropriate ioctl for device”). Since you are recieving a general linux error, there is probably something wrong with your finished VM.
As general information and to help you troubleshoot this issue further: By default, Foreman will try and clean up after itself when something in the provisioning process went wrong. That includes deleting the VM, deleting DNS/DHCP entries, etc. To help debugging this issue, you can try and turn this off via Foreman’s settings. In the UI, go to Administer → Settings → Provisioning, there you can set “Clean up failed deployment” to “no”, which will prevent Foreman from deleting the VM when the provisioning process fails. I would not recommend leaving this setting off permanently to avoid piling up a large amount of broken VMs, but for troubleshooting this might help.
Regards